PickBASIC / FlashBASIC

The abort statement immediately stops program execution and unconditionally returns to the TCL command prompt.

The abs() function returns the absolute (positive) portion of the integer number derived from the given numeric expressi

The access() function provides data about the AQL or Update processor environments when the program is called from a dic

There are several important rules to observe when running a FlashBASIC module, either as a Visual Basic rule module obje

The alpha() function evaluates the expression and returns 1 (true) if every character in the string is alphabetical (tha

The and logical operator indicates that both components of a logical expression must be true.

Arithmetic expressions perform mathematical calculations on any set of operand expressions.

Arithmetic operators add, subtract, multiply, and divide numeric operands in arithmetic expressions.

Dimensioned and Dynamic arrays can be referenced in BASIC programs.

An array variable references a dynamic or dimensioned array.

Pick BASIC has two types of arrays:

Individual elements of dimensioned and dynamic arrays are compared in relational expressions using the standard syntax.

The ascii() function converts a string of EBCDIC-encoded characters into their equivalent ASCII values.

The assigned() function determines if the variable has been assigned a value.

Assignment is the process of assigning the value of an expression to a variable.

An attribute count expression (ac expression) is any numeric constant or any arithmetic, logical, or string expression t

The aux statement enables or disables spooling to the auxiliary port.

BASIC is a high-level programming language that is an extension of the Dartmouth BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic I

The following BASIC clauses are available.

The following BASIC functions are available.

The following BASIC operators are available.

This general overview includes information on these topics:

The following BASIC reserved characters are available.

Screen utilities are used to display formatted menus.

The BASIC symbolic debugger facilitates the debugging of new BASIC programs and the maintenance of existing BASIC progra

User exits allow calling direct system code from a BASIC oconv or iconv function. Many of the functions performed by use

The begin case statement starts a case construct.

The begin work statement starts a transaction.

Basic provides facilities for converting between variable length data structures and fixed length data structures.

Traditionally, the result of a logical or Boolean expression is considered true if it evaluates to 1 and false if it eva

The break statement enables or disables the BREAK key.

The call statement transfers control to an external FlashBASIC or BASIC subroutine and optionally passes a list of argum

The capturing clause resumes the capturing effect from the previous execute...capturing statements in a FlashBASIC or BA

The capturing statement resumes the capturing effect from the previous execute...capturing statements in a FlashBASIC or

The case statement delineates a conditional case construct.

The casing statement toggles case sensitivity relative to input data and string comparisons in the current program and a

The cat relational operator concatenates strings in an expression.

Cataloging makes code easier to locate. It is not necessary to catalog a BASIC module to run or call it. Cataloging does

The cfunction statement provides access to C libraries from BASIC.

The chain statement transfers processing control to TCL, which interprets and executes the statement defined in the expr

The change() function searches a str.exp for the search.str. If the search.str is at the start occurrence, then replacem

The char() function converts a number between 0 and 255 to its corresponding ASCII character equivalent.

The clear statement sets all local and common variables to 0 in a main program.

The cleardata statement clears the data stack.

The clearfile statement deletes all items in the specified file variable previously opened with an open statement.

The clearselect statement clears the active select-list specified by the list.var and releases all overflow associated w

The close statement closes the file identified by file.var. If file.var is not specified, the file referenced by the def

The col1() function returns the numeric column position of the character immediately preceding the substring retrieved i

The col2() function returns the numeric column position of the character following the substring retrieved in the most r

The commit work operation commits a transaction.

The common statement declares data elements to share among different FlashBASIC or BASIC modules.

The compare statement compares two dynamic arrays.

Compile stamp items contain descriptive internal information about programs compiled for BASIC.

Compiler directives control how a program is compiled. D3 supports a number of compiler directives to affect how a progr

Compiling a BASIC program converts the source code into a list of binary instructions called object code.

The continue statement restarts a loop that is under for...next or loop...repeat control.

A conversion expression is any function that evaluates to any of the valid processing codes listed below in the See also

The convert statement searches a given variable and replaces each occurrence of a character by another.

The convert() function searches a given variable and replaces each occurrence of a character by another.

The cos() function calculates the trigonometric cosine of an angle of a specified numeric expression in the range 0 to 3

The count() function returns the number of occurrences of str.exp2 within str.exp1.

A BASIC module is a subroutine that does no I/O and is call from an external source. (It is possible to post-compile an

A user-defined C function can be incorporated in the D3 monitor, thus making C functions available to all applications r

The example below describes creating, adding, removing, loading and unloading a C DLL function in Visual Studio 2008.

The crt statement outputs unconditionally to the terminal display, regardless of whether or not the printer on condition

Data representation refers to the data types employed in BASIC. There are primarily two types of data:

The data statement queues responses for use by subsequent input requests initiated from chain, enter, execute, or input

The date() function returns the current system date in internal format as an integer number representing the number of d

The dcount() function returns the number of occurrences of the delimiter specified in str.exp2 within str.exp1, plus one

The debug statement temporarily suspends execution of a FlashBASIC or BASIC program and invokes the FlashBASIC or BASIC

The following statements make use of a feature known as default file variables:

Use the deffun statement to define a user-written external function (for example, an external sub-routine invoked using

The del statement provides an alternate to the delete() function for deleting a location from a dynamic array.

The delete statement removes a specific item from a file.

The delete() function removes a specific attribute, value, or subvalue from a dimensioned or dynamic array.

The dimension statement establishes a specific number of storage locations for a matrix of variables.

The optional do clause is used with the loop statement.

The dquote() function extracts a double-quoted string from str.exp.

The dtx() function converts a given decimal number to its corresponding hexadecimal equivalent. The number is first conv

The ebcdic() function converts a string of ASCII-encoded characters into their equivalent EBCDIC values.

The echo statement toggles terminal echo on or off.

The else clause is the inline clause for the if statement to execute when it evaluates to false.

The end case statement terminates case construct.

The end statement indicates both the end of a series of statements executed conditionally from a then or else condition

The enter statement transfers control to another cataloged FlashBASIC or BASIC program.

The environment variables that are available when run from a trigger are described in this topic.

The eq assignment operator represents either the assignment operator in an assignment statement or a relational operator

The equate statement is a compiler directive that declares a constant at compile time or a synonym of another variable o

The ereplace() function searches a str.exp for the search.str. If the search.str is at the start occurrence, then replac

An error condition is the process state that occurs when a program encounters a condition that cannot be resolved, forci

This topic describes how to record compiling errors when using FlashBASIC. Errors encountered during runtime are logged

The error statement displays the error message from the messages file and continues execution of the program.

The error() function retrieves the TCL command used to activate the program and loads it into a specified variable.

The exchange() function replaces the character specified as a hexadecimal string in str.exp1 with the character specifie

The execute statement temporarily pushes a level and performs any valid TCL expression, and then continues execution of

The execute statement executes a UNIX command from within a FlashBASIC or BASIC program.

The exit statement forces an early exit from a loop that is under for...next or loop...repeat control.

The exp() function returns the exponential of a numeric expression, that is, base e, which is 2.718281828 rounded to pre

The extract() function retrieves a specific attribute, value, or subvalue from a dimensioned or dynamic array.

The field() function returns a substring from a string expression, by specifying a delimiter and the desired occurrence.

The file statement is a compiler directive that allows the use of attribute definition items in the file’s dictionary wh

A file variable is the symbolic way to access a file after being previously opened in a BASIC program. File variables ar

The filelock statement sets an exclusive lock on an entire file.

The fileunlock statement releases an exclusive lock set by the filelock statement on an entire file.

The d3flash utility is a DOS command that allows the launching of BASIC modules from a Windows command prompt. This laun

This topic describes the differences between FlashBASIC and BASIC.

The following FlashBASIC automation interfaces are presented.

This section includes the following FlashBASIC C function topics.

The following FlashBASIC C Functions are available.

C functions can be called from a FlashBASIC program or subroutine using a syntax similar to that of normal C.

This section includes the following FlashBASIC modules topics.

Triggers are FlashBASIC subroutines that accept one argument called when an operation is performed on a record or a tabl

The fmt() function is identical to performing a FlashBASIC or BASIC mask.

The fold() function folds a string expression into a string of a given length.

The footing statement designates a text string composed of literals and special options to output at the bottom of each

The for...next statement is an iterative, incremental loop statement used to repeat a sequence of statements for a speci

Numeric and nonnumeric strings can be formatted using format strings, which consist of numeric masks and format masks. T

User-defined functions can be defined within a program. They can be used like sub-routines invoked with gosub or called

Functions are elements in BASIC language expressions, returning a single value in place, as a function of the arguments.

The ge relational operator denotes a greater than or equal condition between two elements.

The get statement gets raw characters from the specified port.

The getx statement receives input from an attached line in ASCII hexadecimal format. The statement returns an exploded A

Global common is a named BASIC variable space used to store variables and arrays in the identified area that is only ini

The gosub statement transfers control to a local subroutine identified by a statement label within the program. Control

The goto statement transfers control to the location in the FlashBASIC or BASIC program that begins with the given state

The gt relational operator denotes a greater than condition between two elements.

The heading statement designates a text string composed of literals and special options to output at the top of each pag

The iconv() function converts a value from its external format to its internal equivalent, according to the processing c

An ID expression is a string expression that evaluates to an item-ID, for use in all types of read and write statements.

The if statement tests the result of a logical expression. Depending on whether the expression evaluates to either true

The ifr statement tests the result of a logical expression.

The in statement accepts a single raw character of input from the keyboard, without displaying a prompt character or req

The index() function searches through a given str.exp for the occurrence of the character or substring specified by subs

The inmat() function returns information about arrays.

The input statement temporarily suspends execution of the program until a response is provided from the keyboard, and th

The inputclear statement clears the keyboard type-ahead buffer.

The inputctrl statement is used to enable or suppress control characters in BASIC input statements.

The inputerr statement displays a message on the status (bottom) line of the terminal. it meant to be used with the inpu

When run from a trigger, from the D3 File Manager, or from a Visual Basic rule module, the inputerr statement displays a

The inputif statement captures input from the type-ahead buffer and assigns the input to a variable.

The inputnull statement is used with the input @ statement to define the character used to indicate a null input on subs

The inputparity statement enables or disables the extended character set (xcs) for the current process.

The inputtrap off statement cancels the previous inputtrap statement.

The inputtrap...gosub statement, using the str.exp, sets up an automatic computed gosub based on the next input @ statem

The inputtrap...goto statement, using the str.exp, sets up an automatic computed goto based on the next input @ statemen

The ins statement is an alternative to the insert() function for inserting a string expression into a dynamic array.

The insert() function inserts the element referenced by str.exp into a specific attribute, value, or subvalue location i

A trigger is inserted by adding a correlative in the D-pointer of the table.

The int() function returns the numeric integer equivalent from a given expression.

The key statement locates an item using a B-tree index key and returns the item in a variable. This provides the ability

The le relational operator represents the less than or equal to (<=) condition.

The len() function returns the length of a string expression.

The let statement assigns the value of an expression to a variable.

The ln() function returns the natural logarithm (base e, which is 2.718281828 rounded to precision) of a given numeric e

The locate statement searches for the location of a specific string expression and returns the location in position.var.

See the locate statement documentation.

The lock statement sets one of 992 execution locks. This prevents re-entry to the program, allowing only one process to

The locked clause is used when the requested item is locked and waiting is not desired.

Logical expressions (also called Boolean expressions) are the result of applying logical (Boolean) operators to relation

The loop statement repetitively executes (loops) until an ending condition is met. The first set of statements, if prese

The lt relational operator is used in conditional expressions as an alternate form of the less than (<) condition.

Masking is the process of formatting expressions using numeric masks and format masks.

The mat statement assigns data to each element of a dimensioned array variable to a specific value in one operation.

The matbuild statement converts a dimensioned array into a dynamic array.

The match relational operator tests a string and determines if it matches a predefined pattern of alphabetical, numeric,

The matparse statement converts a dynamic array into a dimensioned array.

The matread statement reads the specified item from the optionally specified file.var, or if not specified, the default

The matreadu form of the matread statement tests if an item is already locked and locks the item if it is not. The item

The matwrite statement writes an item into the specified file.var.

The matwriteu statement is identical to the matwrite statement, except the item remains locked. The matwriteu form keeps

The maximum() function returns the maximum of a list of numbers delimited by attribute, value, or subvalue marks. If dif

The minimum() function returns the minimum of a list of numbers delimited by attribute, value, or subvalue marks. If dif

The mod() function returns the remainder portion of the result of dividing one number by another.

A named common is a global, common, BASIC variable space used to store variables and arrays in the area identified by ID

Triggers can use named commons to create persistent data across the various operations.

The ne relational operator represents a not equal to condition within relational expressions.

The next statement occurs at the end of a for...next construct and causes the iteration counter to increment and branche

A nonfatal error condition is a type of error that occurs when a BASIC program encounters a condition that is resolved b

The not() function returns the logical inverse of the normal outcome of true and false generated by a logical expression

Any function or expression can itself be an argument of another function or expression. The compiler evaluates expressio

Represents an empty string or decimal zero value depending on the context, string, or arithmetic operation.

The null statement performs no operation, other than to provide an instruction where one is required. This is usually us

The num() function evaluates an expression and returns 1 (true) if it is a decimal numeric. Otherwise, it returns 0, if

A numeric expression is any expression that evaluates to a number.

The nxtkey statement scans forward through a key file along a key path.

Execute Windows programs and/or access files using the O/S interoperability commands and functions.

The occurs() function searches a string for attributes or values that occur consecutively.

The oconv() function converts a value from its internal format to its external equivalent, according to the processing c

The on error clause, which consists of the text on error followed by a statement list, is taken if the update fails due

The on... gosub statement transfers control to a local subroutine designated by a specific statement label according to

The on...goto statement transfers control to the line within the FlashBASIC or BASIC program that begins with the specif

The onerr clause identifies the statements to execute when an error occurs during statements that perform operations on

The open statement opens a specified file name and associates the file with the optional file.var.

Operators are reserved characters (and combinations of adjacent characters) and can be referenced individually by their

The or logical operator indicates that only one of the components of a logical expression need be true for the expressio

The out statement outputs a single ASCII character derived from a numeric expression in the range of 0 through 255, whic

The page statement terminates the current page of output, prints the optional footing, positions to the top of the form,

The following D3 Visual Basic object handles (using the brHandle method available to each D3 Visual Basic object) can be

As detailed in the D3 Visual Basic documentation, only VARIANT variables can be passed to the FlashBASIC subroutine, and

There are three methods for increasing performance:

Precedence is the set of rules imposed upon the evaluation of components of an expression that are not otherwise overrid

The precision statement defines the number of fractional decimal places that a numerical value can hold.

The print on statement directs output to one of 32,767 open print files.

The print statement directs output of an expression to the current output device.

The printchar statement prints the first character of the string expression to the screen or to the printer.

The printer statement controls the output from subsequent print, heading, footing, or page statements.

The printerr statement allows BASIC programs to produce output messages using the Error Message Processor and the errmsg

The procread statement reads the calling Proc’s primary input buffer and assigns its contents to a specified variable.

The procwrite statement writes a string expression variable to the calling Proc’s primary input buffer.

The program statement is optionally used on the first line of a program to indicate that this is a program.

The prompt statement indicates the single character to display during subsequent input statements that prompt for input

The prvkey statement operates in the same manner as the nxtkey statement with the exception that the keys returned are t

The pwr() function raises a value contained in an expression to the power of the value of a second expression.

The read statement reads an item as a dynamic array and stores the item as a string. Each attribute is automatically an

The readf statement reads the specified number of characters from a normal item.

The readnext statement retrieves the next item-ID from an active list and assigns it to a specified variable.

The readt statement reads a tape record and assigns the value returned to a specified variable.

The readtx statement reads a tape record, converts the tape record to hexadecimal, and assigns the resulting hexadecimal

The readv statement reads an item from the optionally-specified file variable and assigns the value contained in the att

By default, when the FlashBASIC code for a trigger is recompiled, it is not immediately used by the application. All fil

A relational expression evaluates to 1 if the relation is true, and evaluates to 0 if the relation is false. Relational

Relational operators are used to compare both strings and/or numerics.

The release statement clears locks on items locked with a previous matreadu, readu, or readvu statement.

The rem statement designates that all text that follows the statement on the same line is ignored by the compiler.

The rem() function returns the remainder portion of the result of dividing one number by another.

The remove statement retrieves a substring delimited by a system delimiter from a dynamic array.

The repeat statement defines the end of a loop. See loop statement for more information.

The replace statement maintains referential integrity between items that contain bidirectional bridges used by the Updat

The replace() function inserts or replaces a specific attribute, value, or subvalue in the string referenced by dyn.arra

Reserved characters are the characters that are reserved for special purposes.

The rules for reserved words are:

If a BASIC program is run by a user that does not have retrieval or update privileges (for a file that does and is opene

The return statement terminates an internal or external subroutine, and returns execution control to the statement follo

The rewind statement rewinds the currently attached magnetic tape unit to the beginning of the tape.

The rnd() function generates a random number.

The rollback work statement rolls back (or undoes) a transaction.

The root statement provides an interface to the B-tree indexes for subsequent references with the key statement.

The rqm statement suspends processing for a specific number of seconds, or until a specific time.

Once compiled, the BASIC object code can be run directly, or it can be cataloged. This topic explains how to run a BASIC

BASIC object code can be exported to a DOS file with a .D3F extension, and then combined with a launcher to turn it into

When using a FlashBASIC module with the D3 Visual Basic class, D3clsRuleModule, some differences and constraints are app

The scan() function searches through a specified str.exp for the first occurrence of up to three user-definable characte

The screen.display utility displays a screen and waits for a selection.

The screen.erase utility erases a formatted screen.

The screen.init utility initializes the screen common workspace. This call should be done prior to any other call the sc

The screen.input utility displays a formatted screen and waits for input from a user. Multiple fields can be entered by

The select statement creates an active list of item-IDs, allowing sequential access to each item in the file by use of t

The send statement sends output to a specified port.

The sendx statement converts the exploded ASCII hexadecimal string results of str.exp to its binary equivalent and then

The sentence() function is identical to performing a tclread statement. It returns the TCL command used to activate the

The seq() function converts any ASCII character to its corresponding numeric equivalent in the range 0 through 255.

The setting clause defines the variable to receive the index results of a get or locate statement.

The sin() function calculates the sine of an angle specified in degrees.

The sleep statement places a process to sleep for a specific number of seconds, or, until a specific time.

The sort() function sorts an attribute or value mark delimited str.exp in ascending order.

The soundex() function returns the 4-digit soundex code for a phonetic string expression.

The space() function generates a string of spaces of a length equal to the value of the numeric expression.

The spoolq statement enables or disables the spooler entry number message.

The sqrt() function calculates the square root of a given numeric expression.

The squote() function extracts a single-quoted string from str.exp.

A statement block is one or more statements that follow a BASIC decision-path related token such as, but not limited to,

statement labels are used as the destination of a goto or gosub statement.

This topic describes the differences between statements and functions in BASIC and provides working definitions of varia

The status() function returns the value of system(0).

The stop statement stops program execution and returns to the invoking the process.

The str() function repeats a str.exp the number of times specified in num.exp.

A string expression is any expression that evaluates to, or can be converted to a string of characters.

The subroutine statement defines a program as an external subroutine.

A substring expression extracts or assigns substrings by using the [ and ] characters.

A substring is a set of characters that makes up part of a whole string. The syntax to specify a substring is:

A subvalue count expression (sc expression) is an expression that evaluates to a valid subvalue count.

The sum() function returns the sum of a list of numbers delimited by attribute, value, or subvalue marks. If different o

The summation() function returns the sum of a list of numbers delimited by attribute, value, or subvalue marks.

The swap() function searches a str.exp for the search.str. If the search.str is at the start occurrence, then replacemen

When a BASIC program is compiled, a symbol table is generated, unless the s (suppress table) option has been used with t

The system() function provides an interface to a number of system variables, depending on the requested numeric argument

The ta statement toggles or resets the type-ahead buffer.

The ta() function returns the number of characters in the type-ahead buffer for the current process or for any other pro

The tan() function calculates the trigonometric tangent of the angle specified in degrees.

The tcl statement executes any valid TCL command as a subroutine.

The tclread statement loads the TCL command used to activate the program into a variable.

The then clause specifies which statements to execute when the conditional statement evaluates to true.

then/else statement blocks are found in conjunction with conditional statements.

The time() function returns the current system time in its internal format, representing the number of seconds past midn

The timedate() function returns the current system time and date in external format (hh:mm:ss dd mmm yyyy).

mvBase Only: The timeout statement specifies the number of seconds the operating environment waits for terminal input be

transaction abort statement

The transaction cache statement enables or disables the transaction read cache.

transaction commit statement

The transaction flush statement enables or disables the transaction flush mechanism.

transaction rollback function

transaction start function

The transaction statement enables or disables participation in a transaction.

The trim() function removes leading, trailing, and/or redundant characters from a string.

The trimb() function removes trailing spaces from a string.

The trimf() function removes leading spaces from a string.

The u$pl.mon.data user exit returns this monitor information:

The u0003 user exit returns the TCL command invoking the FlashBASIC or BASIC program.

The u0004 user exit returns term settings in dynamic array format.

The u0005 user exit clears the type-ahead buffer.

The u000e user exit gets the name of the current account.

The u0010 user exit creates a phantom process.

The u0011 user exit gets the port number of the scheduler process.

The u001c user exit gets the number of attributes (elements) after a matread.

The u001e user exit returns the checksum of a string.

The u001f user exit returns the last shutdown status.

The u0033 user exit converts a decimal number into a Roman numeral.

The u0039 user exit reads an absolute disk sector. This user exit provides more information than u14a.

The u005b user exit obtains and manipulates external strings, allowing the caller (likely non-FlashBASIC) to store data

The u0074 is used to get a list of the VME item locks in a dynamic array format.

The u0079 user exit returns the where status for the specified PCB (Process Control Block) FID, and its return stack inf

The u007A user exit updates a binary item from a FlashBASIC or BASIC program.

User exit u0089 converts a hexadecimal number (in a string) to a binary number.

The u009d user exit encodes or decodes a string of characters.

The u009e user exit replaces all occurrences of str1 with str2 in str3.

The u009f user exit converts a binary number to a hexadecimal number (32-bit limit).

The u00b9 user exit returns a soundex value for a specified string.

The u00ba user exit performs BIOS INT 10 calls to change the video screen attributes on the console.

The u014a user exit reads an absolute disk sector.

The u014b user exit writes an absolute disk sector.

The u017e user exit allows output of any character to the terminal or spooler.

The u01b6 user exit converts a numeric expression to the number of units as defined by the TCL set-units, set-dozens, se

The u0209 user exit returns only alphabetical and numeric characters.

The u0358 user exit allows character input combined with an eoi (end-of-input) character.

The u0c user exit encrypts a password.

The u1072 user exit returns a dynamic array, sorted in ascending order.

The u10b9 user exit converts American currency punctuation ($1,000.00) to international punctuation (#1.000,00)

The u11b6 user exit converts a unit expression to a numeric value as defined by the TCL set-units, set-dozens, set-decim

The u1209 user exit breaks a single line of text into multiple lines of text with each line being no longer than length

The u1a user exit returns the tape block size.

The u1f user exit returns a string of digits indicating the boot status.

The u20b9 user exit converts international currency punctuation (#1.000,00) to American punctuation ($1,000.00).

The u21 user exit converts upper case to lower case.

The u2117 user exit returns information about the current process.

The u21a3 user exit opens a file, or reads the next attribute from a file.

The u21b6 user exit returns a numeric value representative of the current unit setting defined by the TCL set-units, set

The u22 user exit converts lower case to upper case.

The u222d user exit retrieves the CC pointer item information from binary items.

The u28 user exit returns the number of saves that have occurred since the last full restore.

The u3060 user exit encrypts a character string. The result is always an 8-character hexadecimal string.

The u3079 user exit returns the PCB FID of the current process, or returns the port number of the current process.

The u307a user exit suspends processing until a specified time.

The u3090 user exit aborts a FlashBASIC or BASIC program.

The u313c user exit returns the diskette drive type and density selected.

The u352e user exit retrieves statistical information about the use of buffers by the D3 monitor. This user exit is for

The u3b user exit returns information about the port.

The u3f user exit converts an ASCII hexadecimal-format string to binary, and sends it to the printer.

The u4070 user exit directs all subsequent output to the terminal. This is the same as the BASIC printer off statement.

The u407a user exit sets a port to sleep for a specified number of seconds. This is the same as the BASIC sleep statemen

The u4117 user exit returns the PCB (Process Control Block) in hexadecimal for the current process.

The u413c sets the format type to the given format media.

The u4209 user exit parses the input into discrete words.

The u47 user exit writes a string in ASCII or hexadecimal to a specific location in a frame.

The u48 user exit reads a specific location of a frame and returns the content.

The u50bb user exit returns the port number, user-ID, and current account for this process, just like the TCL who comman

The u5117 user exit returns the PCB in hexadecimal for port 0.

The u5e user exit clears the internal BASIC heading and footing so that subsequent heading and footing statements displa

The u60ba user exit flushes all memory to disk, and shuts down the D3 system.

The u60bb user exit returns the user-ID and account name of the current process.

The u6193 user exit removes all but the last three characters from the data passed from the variable.

The u63 user exit sets/clears privilege bits.

The u0065 user exit returns the estimated number of items in the most recently referenced file.

The u6d user exit sends shutdown message.

The u7000 user exit returns the size of an item.

The u70ba user exit forces the system to restart.

The u71 user exit sets the HAForceCheck option programmatically. See the Host Authentication topic in the System Adminis

The u7193 user exit converts the American date format (mm/dd/yy) to international format (dd/mm/yy).

The u8194 user exit returns the number of items selected by the most previous select.

The u83 user exit sets a group lock.

The u84 user exit clears a group lock from the group lock table.

The u86 user exit sets the root fid of the index.

The u90 user exit returns the file of files number for the file most previously referenced in the FlashBASIC or BASIC pr

The u90e3 user exit flips the parity bit on the input.

The u0091 user exit reads and writes D3 shell variables.

The u9116 user exit logs on a given port.

The u92 user exit follows the links of a frame.

The u98 user exit retrieves the links for the specified fid.

The ua116 user exit logs of the specified port.

The ub070 user exit returns the absolute value of a variable, stripping the leading –, if any.

The ub0ba user exit reads one string of memory. The string that is returned must be pre-allocated prior to running oconv

The uc0ba user exit writes a value into a memory address.

The uclose command closes a file variable previously opened with the uopen command.

The ucreate command creates and opens a specified file on the host system.

The ud0ba user exit reads a character byte from a serial port.

The udelete command removes the directory entry named by the path name.

The ue0ba user exit writes a character byte out to a serial port.

The uerror() function returns the error number that resulted from the previous inter-operating system command.

The uexecute command allows users to execute various Windows programs from within mvBASIC.

The uf070 user exit starts and stops multiuser mode, and returns information about the number of serial ports, PIBs, pha

The ulock command locks or unlocks a file specified by a file variable.

The ulseek() function moves the file pointer in an open file and returns the position of the file pointer, which is the

The umessage command sends a Windows-style message to the Client linked to the process executing the command. If the opt

The unassigned() function indicates whether a variable has an assigned value.

The unlock statement resets an execution lock, in the range 0 to 991, previously set with a lock statement.

The until clause specifies a termination condition for a for...next or loop constructs.

The uopen command opens a given file name to a file variable.

The uread command reads data from a previously opened file on the host system.

The ureadline() function reads data from a previously opened file on the host system.

This topic describes the COM interface to FlashBASIC. The objective is to allow a FlashBASIC module to act as an Automat

The usystem() function is used to obtain information from the underlying operating system environment.

The uwaitfor command causes the process to wait until the Windows application, identified by the var variable, terminate

The uwrite command writes data to a previously opened file on the host system.

A value count (vc) expression is an expression that evaluates to a valid value count.

Variables store numbers, strings, file descriptors, or select lists and can change dynamically throughout the execution

The wakeup statement is used for BASIC programs to wake up a different process that is either sleeping or waiting for in

The weof statement writes an eof (end of file) mark to the currently attached magnetic media.

The while clause specifies a continuation condition in a for...next or loop construct.

The write statement writes the item specified in dyn.array.var into the specified file, using the item-ID specified in t

The writet statement writes a tape record to the attached magnetic media from the specified variable.

The writetx statement writes a tape record, converts the string from ASCII hex to binary, and copies the string to the t

The writeu form of the write statement writes a dynamic array into the specified file variable and keeps items locked th

The writev statement writes the value of an expression into the attribute designated in the attribute expression paramet

The writevu form of this statement is identical to writev, except that it keeps items locked that were locked by a previ

The writex statement writes the item specified in dyn.array.var into the specified file, using the item-ID specified in

The xsuex user exit obtains and manipulates external strings, allowing the caller (likely non-FlashBASIC) to store data

The xtd() function converts an expression from its hexadecimal format into its equivalent decimal format.

The - arithmetic operator designates a subtraction operation, or to indicate a negative numeric value.

The -= assignment operator decrements a variable by a numeric expression.

The , (comma) reserved character several purposes:

The ; (semicolon) reserved character separates multiple FlashBASIC or BASIC statements on a single line.

The : (colon) relational operator concatenates strings in an assignment statement or, when the : displays at the end of

The := assignment operator concatenates a string to a variable and assigns it back to the given variable.

The ! logical operator indicates an or operation in a logical expression.

The ! statement indicates that the text following the ! is a comment. This works the same as the remark statement.

The " reserved character marks the beginning or ending of a literal string in FlashBASIC or BASIC.

The () (left and right parentheses) reserved characters surround arguments within functions, encloses subscript referenc

The [] reserved characters perform substring extraction, assignment, and field store.

The @() function provides a standard means of performing control functions on a wide array of terminals.

The * (asterisk) arithmetic operator is a mathematical operator indicating a multiply operation.

The * (asterisk) statement is used as a remark. Text after this statement is ignored.

The *= assignment operator multiplies a numeric expression and assigns it to the variable.

The / arithmetic operator performs division.

The /= assignment operator divides a variable by a numeric expression and assigns it to the given variable.

The \ operator (also called the remainder operator) calculates the remainder of dividing the dividend by the divisor (ot

The \ reserved character marks the beginning or ending of a literal string in FlashBASIC or BASIC.

The \= assignment operator divides a variable by a given numeric expression and assigns the remainder (modulo) to the va

The and boolean operator indicates that both components of a logical expression must be true.

The # relational operator signifies not equal to.

The %accept_ssl() function first calls the %accept() function to extract the first connection on the queue of pending co

The %accept_starttls function provides the ability to elevate an unsecured connection to a secured connection.

The %accept() function extracts the first connection on the queue of pending connections, creates a new socket, and allo

The %alarm() function instructs the alarm clock of the calling process to send the signal SIGALRM to the calling process

The %bind() function binds a socket to a named resource. In case of a network, the resource would be an access point int

Allocates and frees dynamic memory.

The %chdir() function changes the current directory to the one specified in str.

The %chmod() function changes the mode of the file str to the value specified in mode.

The %chown() function changes the owner-ID and group-ID of the file str to the values specified in owner and group respe

The %close_ssl function closes the socket specified by the fd file descriptor, as well as the secure connection specifie

The %close() function closes the UNIX file specified by file.descriptor returned by a previous call to %open(), %creat()

The %closeall() function closes all opened file-descriptors, including sockets.

The %closesocket() function closes an existing socket.

Call to create a COM Object.

Call a to get an IDispatch.

Get error description.

Call to initialize the COM library.

Call a method.

The %connect_ssl() function requests a secure connection between two sockets.

The %connect_starttls function provides the ability to elevate an unsecured connection to a secured connection.

The %connect() function requests a connection between two sockets.

Call a Property Get.

Call a Property Put.

Query IUnknown for IDispatch interface.

Query for a method.

Release a dispatch or COM object when done.

Uninitialize the COM library.

The %creat() function creates a new host OS file or prepares to rewrite an existing host OS file designated by str for w

The %decrypt() function decrypts a string. The appropriate OpenSSL libraries must be present to use this function. See y

The %dup() function returns a new file descriptor associated to the same file as the one associated with file.descriptor

The %encrypt() function encrypts a string. The appropriate OpenSSL libraries must be present to use this function. See y

The %endlistilocks() function is used to release the handle allocated by the %startlistilocks() function.

The %fclose() function closes the stream specified by stream returned by a previous call to %fopen().

The %fdopen() function associates a stream with the file.descriptor obtained from an %open(), %dup(), or %creat().

The %fgetc() function returns the next character from the named input stream.

The %fgets() function reads characters from the named input stream into var until n-1 characters are read or a new line

The %filecheck() function can be run from the TCL to call the system fsck (file system check) command.

The %fopen() function opens the host OS file designated by str and associates a stream with it.

The %fprintf() function writes formatted output on stream under control of format.

The %fputc() function writes the character specified by character on the named output stream.

The %fputs() function writes the string designated by str on the named output stream.

Binary stream input/output.

The %free() function frees a block of memory allocated by a call to %malloc().

The %freopen() function substitutes the named file specified by str in place of the opened stream stream1.

The %fsize() function returns the size in bytes of the file associated to the opened file.descriptor returned by a previ

Binary stream input/output.

Front end to the socket %getaddrinfo() function.

The %getenv() function searches the environment for a string of the form name=value and returns a pointer to value in th

The %gethostid() function allows a FlashBASIC application to retrieve the unique 32-bit identifier for the current host.

The %gethostname() function retrieves the standard host name for the local computer.

Front end to the socket %gethostbyname() function.

The %getperfcount() function returns the D3 performance counters.

The %getpgrp() function returns the UNIX process group ID of the calling process.

The %getpid() function returns the Process-ID (PID) of the calling process.

The %getppid() function returns the UNIX parent Process-ID of the calling process.

The %getsockopt() function retrieves a socket option.

The %inet_addr() function converts a string containing an IPv4 dotted-decimal address into a proper address for the IN_A

The %ioctl() function is a general purpose control function that passes the arguments request and arg to the device desi

The %ioctlsocket() function controls the I/O mode of a socket.

The %kill() function sends the signal specified in signal to the process pid.

The %listen() function marks the specified socket as accepting incoming connections and limits the number of outstanding

The listitemlocksfilter() function is used to get a list of the FSI item locks in a dynamic array format.

The %lseek() function moves the read/write pointer. See your host OS system documentation.

The %malloc() function allocates a memory block of size bytes and returns the address of this block.

Copies the memory area.

Scans memory for a character.

The %memcopy() function copies characters from the memory area specified by s2 into s1, stopping after the first occurre

The %memcpy() function copies the number of characters specified by number from memory area s2 into s1.

The %memxcpy() function copies a specified number of characters from memory area s2 into s1, and converts each input cha

The %open() function opens the host OS file specified by str and sets the file status flags according to the value of of

The %pause() function suspends the calling process until it receives a signal.

The %pclose() function closes the stream designated by stream opened by a %popen() and returns the exit status of the co

The %pgetpid() function returns the UNIX Process-ID (PID) associated to the D3 process line.

The %popen() function creates a pipe between the calling process and the command to be executed.

Formatted output conversion.

The %putenv() function makes the value of the environment variable name equal to the value designated by str, by alterin

The %rdhex() function reads the number of bytes designated by (size * 2) into var from the file specified in file.descri

The %read_ssl() function reads the number of bytes designated in size into var, from the Secure connection specified by

The %read() function reads the number of bytes designated in size into var, from the file specified by file.descriptor.

The %readregistry() function retrieves string values from the registry.

The %realloc() function resizes the memory buffer specified to the specified size in bytes and returns a pointer to the

The %recv() function receives data from a connected socket or a bound connectionless socket.

The %recvfrom() function receives a datagram from a bound socket and stores the information on the sender. If no errors

The %semctl() function performs semaphore control operations.

The %semget() function creates a semaphore set.

The %semop() function performs an array of semaphore operations on a set of semaphores.

The %send() function sends data on a connected socket.

The %sendto() sends data to a specified destination. If no errors occur, the total number of bytes sent is returned.

The %setflush() function sets the flush periods.

The %setsockopt() function sets a socket option.

The %shell() function executes the MS-DOS command, command, and returns the exit code of the command.

The %shellcapture() function executes the MS-DOS command, command, and captures the result in the buffer variable, up to

The %shmat() function attaches a shared memory segment associated with the shared memory identifier shmid and returns th

Allows the user to receive information on a shared memory segment, set the owner, group, and permissions of a shared mem

The %shmdt() function detaches the shared memory segment located at the address specified by shmaddr.

The %shmget() function creates a shared memory segment and returns a shared memory identifier.

The %shutdown() function disables sends or receives on a socket.

The %socket() function creates a socket in the specified addr.family and of the specified type. A protocol can be specif

Formatted output conversion.

Specifies that all input comes from the input file and all output goes to the output file.

The %startlistilocks() function prepares for calls to the %listitemlocksfilter() function and the %endlistilocks() funct

Stops all input and output to and from the file. The FlashBASIC tab of the D3 Device Manager contains the default path o

Concatenates two strings.

Copies a string.

Calculates the length of a string.

The %ttyname() function returns a pointer to a static area containing the null terminated path name of the terminal devi

The %unlink() function removes the directory entry named by the path name pointed to by path. The named file is unlinked

The %wait() function returns the exit code of the child processes created by the current process.

The %whex() function writes to the file specified by file.descriptor returned by a previous call to %open(), %creat(), o

The %write_ssl() function writes the number of bytes designated by size from var to the Secure connection specified by s

The %write() function writes the number of bytes designated by size from var to the file specified by file.descriptor re

The ^ symbol arithmetic operator is an alternate means of indicating an exponentiation operation on a specific numeric e

The + arithmetic operator performs addition or indicates a positive numeric value.

The += assignment operator adds a given numeric expression and assigns it to the given variable.

The <= relational operator is the less than or equal to operator.

The <> relational operator represents a not equal to operator.

The <> reserved characters surround subscripts within dynamic arrays.

The = assignment operator represents either the assignment operator in an assignment statement or a relational operator

The >relational operator is the greater than operator.

The >< relational operator is the not equal operator.

The >= relational operator is the greater than or equal to operator.

The $* (asterisk) directive allows a comment to be embedded directly into the program’s object code at compilation.

The $chain directive continues FlashBASIC or BASIC compilation in a different source item.

The $chain statement continues FlashBASIC or BASIC compilation in a different source item.

The $DEFINE directive supplies replacement text for a symbol and defines a symbol used to control the compilation of the

The $IFDEF directive tests for the definition of an identifier in the compiler symbol table.

The $IFNDEF directive tests for the absence of a definition for an identifier in the compiler symbol table.

The $include directive inserts FlashBASIC or BASIC code from a separate item (known as an include item) to be compiled a

The $include statement inserts FlashBASIC or BASIC code from a separate item (known as an include item) to be compiled a

The $options directive sets compatibility options for the FlashBASIC or BASIC compiler.

The $options statement sets compatibility options for the FlashBASIC or BASIC compiler.

The $UNDEFINE directive deletes a specified identifier from the symbol table. The identifier must have previously been d